澳洲塔州在哪里？
The Australian state of Tasmania is about 300 kilometres (186 miles) north-northeast of Melbourne and 240 kilometres (150 miles) south-southeast of Perth. It is the smallest inhabited mainland state， with a total land area of only 68，000 square km (26，300 sq mi). Its name derives from the Dutch word for “Island of Desolation” or “Desolate Island”.
Until the European discovery in 1642， it was thought to be an island because of its appearance on maps. In reality， it is connected to the mainland by the narrow Bass Strait. The oldest part of Australia’s mainland population， Aboriginal Australians have inhabited what is now Tasmania since approximately 40，000 BC. They are believed to have arrived via the land bridge forming what is now the northern tip of Western Australiato the continent's south coast. Subsequently， they migrated throughout the island. European settlement began with Abel Janszoon Tasman’s arrival in Tasmangia in 1642， with the first colonists arriving under Captain Arthur Phillip in 1788 as part of an effort to establish a penal colony.
In the early years there were numerous incidents involving indigenous groups， including the infamous Black Line which was established in 1830 to eradicate the indigenous peoples who remained hostile toward settlers. This line consisted of 500 mounted police officers， supported by hundreds more soldiers and civilians. In addition， there existed several separate missions whose combined populations accounted for around one quarter of the total settlers in the colony at this time. These missions were located near present day Launceston， Hobart and Burnie， but their existence later became forgotten due to the establishment of the penal colony at Port Arthur in 1833.
This new settlement was used primarily to house convicts， although free immigrants did settle here too， establishing farms and small communities that would eventually grow into towns such as Hobart， Launceston， Devonport等. Although many convict ships reached the colony during this period， transportation ended in